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ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

Free electron theory

Density of states and energy band diagrams,
Kronig-Penny model (to introduce origin of band gap),
Energy bands in solids,
E-k diagram, Direct and indirect bandgaps,
Types of electronic materials: metals, semiconductors, and
insulators,
Density of states, Occupation probability,
Fermi level, Effective mass, Phonons.

SEMICONDUCTORS

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors

Dependence of Fermi level on carrier-concentration
and temperature (equilibrium carrier statistics)
Carrier generation and recombination, Carrier transport:
diffusion and drift, p-n junction,
Metal-semiconductor junction (Ohmic and Schottky),
Semiconductor materials of interest for optoelectronic
devices

LIGHT-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERACTION

Optical transitions in bulk semiconductors: absorption,
spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission;
Joint density of states
Density of states for photons,
Transition rates (Fermi’s golden rule)
Optical loss and gain; Photovoltaic effect, Exciton
Drude model.

Measurements

Four-point probe and Van Der Pauw measurements for
carrier density,
Resistivity and hall mobility
Hot-point probe measurement, capacitance-voltage
measurements,
Parameter extraction from diode I-V characteristics, DLTS,
band gap by UV-Vis spectroscopy, absorption/transmission.

Superconductivity

Introduction of Superconductivity
Properties of superconductor
Effect of magnetic field
Meissner effect
Pressure effect
Impurity effect
Isotopic mass effect
Mechanism of Superconductivity : BCS Theory
Penetration depth : Magnetic field
Josephson’s junction and its application
Application of superconductors