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Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems, Processor Embedded into a System, Embedded
Hardware Units and Devices In a System, Embedded Software in a system,
Examples of Embedded Systems, Embedded System-on-chip (SOC) and Use
of VLSI Circuit Design Technology, Complex Systems Design and
Processors, Design Process in Embedded System, Formulization of System
Design, Design Process and Design Examples, Classification of Embedded
Systems, Skills Required for
an Embedded System Designer

Device and Communication Buses

Timer and Counting Devices:
Watch dog timer, Real time clock, Brown Out Reset,
Serial Communication protocols : UART, I2C, SPI, SDIO, CAN, SDIO,
USB, JTAG, Spy-Bi-Wire
Parallel Communication protocols : ISA, AMBA, PCI, PCI-X, Wireless
Communication Protocols : IrDA, Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee

Device Drivers and Interrupt Services Mechanism

Programmed-I/O Busy-wait Approach without Interrupt Services
Mechanism, ISR Concept, Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Servicing(Handling)
Mechanism, Multiple Interrupts, Context and the Periods for Context
Switching, Interrupt Latency and Deadline, Classification of Processor
Interrupt Service Mechanism from Context-Saving Angle, Direct Memory Access, Device Driver
Programming

Inter-process Communication:

Multiple process in an application, Multiple Threads in an application, Task
and Task state, Task and Data, Clear-cut Distinction between Functions,
ISRS and Tasks by their Characteristics, Concept of Semaphores, Shared
Data, Inter process Communication, Signal Function, Semaphore Functions,
Message Queue Functions, Mailbox Functions, Pipe Functions, Socket
Functions, RPC
Functions

Introduction to OS and Real Time Operating System:

Overview of OS: Multirate Systems, Processes and Threads, Context
Switching, Multi tasking, Cooperative Multi-tasking, Pre-emptive Operating
Systems structure, Operating system function, Timing requirements on
processes, Features of an Operating System, Features of RTOS, Case
studies: FreeRTOS. μCOS, RTx51 TinyOS, Benchmarking RTOS,
VxWorks.

Software architectures and Real Time Task Scheduling:

Requirements of Embedded Software, Interrupts- Basics, latency, Process

state and scheduling, Clock driven and Event driven scheduling, Rate-
Monotonic Scheduling, Earliest-Deadline First Scheduling, Fault-Tolerant

Scheduling, Round Robin, Round robin with interrupt, function queue
scheduling.

MSP430 (Case Study):

Motivation for MSP 430 Microcontrollers, MSP430 RISC CPU architecture,
Compiler-friendly features, On-chip peripherals and programming for –
Watchdog Timer, Basic Timer, Real Time Clock (RTC), ADC, Universal
Serial Communication Interface (USCI), Low-power features of MSP430