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Overview of the Compiler and its Structure:

Language processor, Applications of language processors, Definition-Structure-Working
of compiler, the science of building compilers, Basic understanding of interpreter and
assembler. Difference between interpreter and compiler. Compilation of source code into
target language, Cousins of compiler, Types of compiler

Lexical Analysis:

The Role of the Lexical Analyzer, Specification of Tokens, Recognition of Tokens, Input
Buffering, elementary scanner design and its implementation (Lex), Applying concepts of
Finite Automata for recognition of tokens.

Syntax Analysis:

Understanding Parser and CFG(Context Free Grammars), Left Recursion and Left
Factoring of grammar Top Down and Bottom up Parsing Algorithms, Operator-Precedence
Parsing, LR Parsers, Using Ambiguous Grammars, Parser Generators, Automatic
Generation of Parsers. Syntax-Directed Definitions, Construction of Syntax Trees,
Bottom-Up Evaluation of S-Attributed Definitions, L-Attributed Definitions, syntax
directed definitions and translation schemes

Error Recovery

Error Detection & Recovery, Ad-Hoc and Systematic Methods

Intermediate-Code Generation:

Variants of Syntax Trees, Three-Address Code, Types and Declarations, Translation of
Expressions, Type Checking, Syntax Directed Translation Mechanisms, Attributed
Mechanisms And Attributed Definition.

Run-Time Environments:

Source Language Issues, Storage Organization. Stack Allocation of Space, Access to
Nonlocal Data on the Stack, Heap Management

Code Generation and Optimization:

Issues in the Design of a Code Generator, The Target Language, Addresses in the Target
Code, Basic Blocks and Flow Graphs, Optimization of Basic Blocks, A Simple Code
Generator, Machine dependent optimization, Machine independent optimization Error
detection of recovery

Instruction-Level Parallelism:

Processor Architectures, Code-Scheduling Constraints, Basic-Block Scheduling, Pass
structure of assembler